Many people, few homes
First and foremost, it's important to know that the Netherlands is a densely populated country. Despite not having a very large surface area, it has a population density of around 529 inhabitants per square kilometer. In the Randstad - the countries' leading economic region - this number even reaches around 5,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. In total, the Netherlands has around 17.5 million inhabitants (and counting).
The assumption might be that a large population corresponds to abundant housing. However, this is not the reality, as there is a housing shortage in the Netherlands. The demand for homes exceeds the available supply. Currently, the Netherlands faces a shortage of about 300,000 homes. How did this happen? The simple way to explain this is that in recent years, not enough homes have been built. Additionally, new government measures have made renting out a home less profitable, reducing the availability of rental homes in the private (non-government) sector. As a result, home prices have increased massively. The price of a rental home has risen by about 8.5% in the past year. In the Randstad the prices increased the most.